| Inclusive criteria
- The patient’s age from18–45 years (Candotti et al., 2015).
- Both sex patients, their body mass index is less than 30K/M 2
- Pain in the lumbar and/or buttock region (defined as pain reported below the level of T12 and no lowers than the buttock line).
- The patients have at least 3 months of continuous or intermittent LBP symptoms.
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-Signs of serious spinal pathology (red flags) including significant trauma, unexplained weight loss and widespread neurologic changes (Georgy, 2011).
-Any vestibular, visual problems and current inner ear infection affecting balance. (Georgy, 2011)
-Current radiating symptoms (and/or neurological deficit) below the level of the buttock crease.
-Current pregnancy or obese.
-History of spinal fracture and malignancy
-Specific LBP, defined as herniated disc, ankylosing spondylitis, spondylolisthesis.
-Patients had any contraindication to physiotherapy and manual therapy(Dutton, 2002).
-Patients with any spinal operation, pathology and lower limb problems.
-Patients with congenital postural deformities (Georgy, 2011).
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Adult: 18 Year(s)-44 Year(s) |
18 Year(s) |
45 Year(s) |
Both |