| Experimental Group |
Novel hemostatic device used to control bleeding during surgical operations. |
The sterilized device, in the form of medical gauze impregnated in the specific hemostatic agent, will be applied directly to the bleeding surface aiming at control of bleeding. |
The single application cycle will be 3 minutes. It can be repeated according to the surgeon's decision. |
The newly tested hemostatic device will be used as an optional measure to control intra-operative bleeding during surgery, either external or internal. For the sake of patient's safety, all the hemostatic devices usually used during surgery will be available through out the trial.
The bleeding severity is classified into:
1. Mild: it is possible to stop the bleeding by normal-gauze compression.
2. Moderate: it is possible to stop the bleeding by electric cautery, but not with normal gauze compression.
3. Severe: it is only possible to stop the bleeding by suturing and/or ligation.
4. Torrential: it is life-threatening with extensive bleeding that needs sophisticated measures to control as vessel clamping, blood transfusion etc.
The test device is used as an option for hemostasis in the cases of either severe bleeding. Cases with mild, moderate or torrential bleeding will be excluded from the study. The gauze was applied as a four-fold layer directly on the bleeding surface. The size of the dressing should cover the whole bleeding area.
The hemostatic efficacy of the device is graded into:
• Poor: Bleeding persisted and another hemostatic method was needed to control it.
• Fair: Bleeding decreased but another hemostatic method was still needed.
• Good: Minor bleeding persisted but there was no need for further hemostasis.
• Excellent: Bleeding stopped completely.
In the case of poor or fair efficacy with the tested gauze, another method was used as needed.
Prospectively collected data include: demographic data, type of operation, type of bleeding surface, severity of bleeding, number of application cycles, total time of application, grade of hemostatic efficacy, and any application-related complications whether intraoperative or postoperative (could be related to hemostasis, to local application, or systemic effect).
All patients were followed up for at least one week after operation. |
30 |
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| Control Group |
normal surgical gauze or electric cautery to control bleeding during operation |
compression application of the normal gauze on the bleeding surface for 4 minutes |
single application for 3 minutes |
The normal surgical gauze will be applied by compression to the bleeding surface during operation for 4 minutes, If the bleeding stopped, it will be classified as mild bleeding and the case will be excluded from the study. If the bleeding continued and is classified as moderate or severe, the case will be included in the study and the test device will applied to the bleeding surface as described before. Torrential bleeding will be excluded from the study from the start. |
30 |
Active-Treatment of Control Group |