On-pump & off-pump cardiac operation.
The presence of a central venous catheter in the internal jugular position available after surgery.
|
- Intraoperative cardiac arrest
- Massive perioperative bleeding
- Presence of a PA catheter
- Use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) on ICU arrival
- Presence of a ventricular assist device (VAD)
- Pre‑existing congestive cardiac failure, cardiomyopathy, hemodynamic instability, arrest or need of inotropic support before the operation
- Elevation of any parameters preoperatively indicating systemic hypoperfusion, coagulopathy, renal failure (serum creatinine >2 mg/dl, anuria, or oliguria requiring dialysis), hepatic dysfunction (aspartate aminotransferase >40 U/L, alanine aminotransferase >40 U/L) immediately before surgery
- Local or systemic infection or inflammation (fever, leukocytosis, tachycardia, or tachypnea, white blood cell count >12,000 cells/mm3, or platelet count <100,000 cells/mm3) immediately before surgery
- Reoperation
|
Adolescent: 13 Year-18 Year,Child: 6 Year-12 Year,Infant: 0 Month(s)-12 Month(s),Infant: 13 Month(s)-24 Month(s),New born: 0 Day-1 Month,Preschool Child: 2 Year-5 Year |
1 Day(s) |
18 Year(s) |
Both |