OUTCOMES |
Type of outcome
|
Outcome
|
Timepoint(s) at which outcome measured
|
Primary Outcome |
the time to first request of analgesia and VAS |
at 0.5, 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 24 hours postoperatively |
Secondary Outcome |
hemodynamics: HR, MAP |
at 0.5, 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 24 hours postoperatively |
Secondary Outcome |
SaO2 |
at 0.5 and 1 hour postoperatively |
Secondary Outcome |
The range of arm movement. |
at 0.5, 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 24 hours postoperatively |
Secondary Outcome |
total analgesic requirements |
through 24 h postoperatively |
Secondary Outcome |
Induction stress response. |
at 1,2,5 min after induction of anesthesia |
Secondary Outcome |
Ephedrine requirements |
perioperatively |
Secondary Outcome |
Postoperative complications: Nausea & vomiting, pruritus |
postoperative through 24 h. |
Secondary Outcome |
Upper level of sensory loss. |
15 min after intrathecal injection |
Secondary Outcome |
fentanyl dose required |
intraoperative |