Patients aged 18 to 65 who scheduled thyroid surgery were included in this study if they had an ASA score (American Society of Anesthesiology) of I or II.
Patients with unstable diabetes, an allergy to study drugs, a history of previous cervical surgery, or a history of cardiac or respiratory disease, as well as patients on long-term analgesic or corticosteroids, were not included in this study. |
Patients who had major complications, such as allergic reactions to anesthetic drugs and major bleeding
Patients whose surgery duration exceeded 3 hours were excluded from this study.
Patients who underwent a neck dissection associated with thyroid surgery |
80 and over: 80+ Year,Adult: 19 Year-44 Year,Aged: 65+ Year(s),Middle Aged: 45 Year(s)-64 Year(s) |
18 Year(s) |
80 Year(s) |
Both |