Control Group |
femoral nerve block |
it is a peripheral nerve block that will be adminstered preoperatively 20 ml of local anesthetic (LA) solution (bupivacaine 0.25%) |
expected block duration about 24 hrs |
The femoral artery and vein are medial to the femoral nerve at the level of the inguinal ligament. When using ultrasound, the transducer is placed transversely at the inguinal crease, and the femoral vessels are located. If multiple arteries are present (i.e., superficial and deep femoral arteries), then slide the probe proximally until only the common femoral artery is visualized along with its associated femoral vein. Immediately lateral to the femoral vessels, the femoral nerve classically appears as a hyperechoic wedge or ovoid structure. The femoral nerve is superficial to the iliopsoas muscle group; and it is deep to the fascia lata and fascia iliaca, respectively.
Once the femoral nerve and relevant neighboring structures have been identified, a lidocaine wheal is administered before the block needle insertion into the tissue, and the needle tip is advanced below the fascia iliaca towards the femoral nerve. Either an in-plane or out-of-plane approach may be used, depending on the proceduralist’s preference. Confirming negative aspiration for heme is recommended before injection to avoid intravascular injection. The ultrasound monitor will show the spreading of local injection around the nerve. Caution is necessary with unusually high injection pressure or nerve expansion with injection, which may indicate intraneural injection
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Active-Treatment of Control Group |
Experimental Group |
Pericapsular Nerve Group Block |
20 ml 0f 0.25% bupivacine |
24 hours post technique |
the block as described by Girón-Arango et al. (Girón-Arango et al. 2018) will be performed with the patient in the supine position using ultrasound guidance (high-frequency probe, L7M-A probe7.5 MHz, CHISON, Jiangsu, China). The probe will be initially placed in a transverse plane over the anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS), and then rotated 45 degrees anticlockwise to be roughly aligned with the pubic ramus. After keeping the iliopectineal imminence| (IPE), the iliopsoas muscle and tendon, the femoral artery, and pectineus muscle will be maintained in the view, a 22-gauge, 80-mm needle will be introduced from lateral to medial in an in-plane approach. When the tipoff the needle is visualized in the musculofascial plane between the psoas tendon anteriorly and the pubic ramus posteriorly, 20 ml of local anesthetic (LA) solution (bupivacaine 0.25%) will be injected in 5-mL increments while observing for adequate fluid spread |
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