Pan African Clinical Trials Registry
South African Medical Research Council, South African Cochrane Centre
PO Box 19070, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa
Telephone: +27 21 938 0835 or +27 21 938 0967
Email: pactradmin@mrc.ac.za Website: pactr.samrc.ac.za
Trial no.: PACTR202212658683217 Date of Registration: 12/12/2022
Trial Status: Retrospective registration - This trial was registered after enrolment of the first participant
TRIAL DESCRIPTION
Public title Culture and domestic violence in Tanzania
Official scientific title Culture and domestic violence in Tanzania
Brief summary describing the background and objectives of the trial The project “Culture and domestic violence in Tanzania” contains two components. The first investigates the effectiveness of documentary films to reduce violence against women and the second investigates how a norm of gender altruism influences attitudes towards violence against women. Part 1: The effectiveness of documentary films to reduce violence against women We investigate the effectiveness of documentary films to change social norms and individual attitudes justifying domestic violence. We study this in Tanzania, where the Tanzanian Ministry of Community Development, Gender and Children produced in 2009 a documentary film showing severe cases of violence against women, albinos and children. We use fragments of this documentary as experimental treatments with the intention to evaluate the effectiveness of the video to affect individual attitudes about domestic violence. Our plan is to evaluate effectiveness specifically in terms of rates of reporting own experience and also individual attitudes towards domestic violence. More precisely, we compare these two outcomes among participants who watched a video on violence against women, with those of participants who watched a video on violence against albinos (control group 1) and participants who have not watched any video (control group 2). The intervention is implemented separately among women and men to assess the effectiveness of the video across genders and age cohorts. Findings from this study can enhance the current understanding of whether and how documentary video material helps public policy in changing harmful individual attitudes and social norms. Part 2: Gender altruism and attitudes towards violence against women This study tests the hypothesis that unequal gender norms contribute to forming negative attitudes towards violence against women. We perform a series of behavioral games that enable us to build indices of gender altruism, or measures of the degree to which participants treat women and me
Type of trial RCT
Acronym (If the trial has an acronym then please provide)
Disease(s) or condition(s) being studied Injury, Occupational Diseases, Poisoning
Sub-Disease(s) or condition(s) being studied
Purpose of the trial Prevention
Anticipated trial start date 01/02/2017
Actual trial start date 21/01/2018
Anticipated date of last follow up 31/01/2020
Actual Last follow-up date 22/02/2018
Anticipated target sample size (number of participants) 480
Actual target sample size (number of participants)
Recruitment status Completed
Publication URL
Secondary Ids Issuing authority/Trial register
0004669 AEA RCT Registry
STUDY DESIGN
Intervention assignment Allocation to intervention If randomised, describe how the allocation sequence was generated Describe how the allocation sequence/code was concealed from the person allocating the participants to the intervention arms Masking If masking / blinding was used
Factorial: participants randomly allocated to either no, one, some or all interventions simultaneously Randomised Simple randomization using by using procedures such as coin-tossing or dice-rolling Numbered containers Masking/blinding used Care giver/Provider
INTERVENTIONS
Intervention type Intervention name Dose Duration Intervention description Group size Nature of control
Experimental Group Video on violence against women 13 minutes long video The intervention consists of screening a segment from a full-length documentary film on violence against women, albinos and children produced in Tanzania in 2009. The full documentary film is 45 minute long and titled “Kataa Ukatili Dhidi ya Wanawake, Watoto na Mauaji ya Albino” which means “Stop Violence Against Women, Children and Killings of Albinos”. The treatment video segment is 13 minutes long (called video on violence against women for the purpose of the study) and documents the case of a victim of domestic violence and her efforts to overcome such situation. 156
Control Group Video on violence against albinos 9 minutes The video segment discussing violence against albinos is used as the placebo control group. 156 Placebo
Control Group No video 0 minutes The control group does not watch any video 168 Active-Treatment of Control Group
ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA
List inclusion criteria List exclusion criteria Age Category Minimum age Maximum age Gender
Women and men aged 15 or older none Adolescent: 13 Year(s)-17 Year(s),Adult: 18 Year(s)-44 Year(s) 15 Year(s) 99 Year(s) Both
ETHICS APPROVAL
Has the study received appropriate ethics committee approval Date the study will be submitted for approval Date of approval Name of the ethics committee
Yes 01/02/2017 The Growth and Development Research Project Board
Ethics Committee Address
Street address City Postal code Country
School of Economics University of Dar es Salaam Mwalimu Julius Nyerere Mlimani Campus P.O.Box 35091 Dar es Salaam, Tanzania Dar es Salaam 16103 Tanzania
OUTCOMES
Type of outcome Outcome Timepoint(s) at which outcome measured
Primary Outcome For women: Nine indicator variables for experiencing different types of domestic violence: if the spouse has ever pushed, shaken or thrown something at the respondent; slapped; punched with fist or something harmful; kicked or dragged; tried to strangle or burn; physically forced sex when not wanted; physically forced other sexual acts when not wanted; twisted woman’s arm or pulled her hair or threatened her with any weapon. Also, five indicator variables for attitudes towards violence, including whether violence is justified in some situations, such as the wife going out without telling the husband about it, the wife neglecting the children, arguing with the husband, refusing to have sex with the husband, or burning the food. For men: Indicator variable taking value one if the respondent has ever hit, slapped, kicked, or physically hurt their wife. Five indicator variables for attitudes towards violence, including whether violence is justified in some situations, such as the wife going out without telling the husband about it, the wife neglecting the children, arguing with the husband, refusing to have sex with the husband, or burning the food. All outcome measures are obtained from surveys conducted after showing the intervention videos. The control group is surveyed right away. After the intervention
Secondary Outcome 1. Any violence indicator variable takes value one if the woman has experienced any form of the nine measured types of violence, and zero otherwise. Applicable to women only. 2. Violence index obtained by grouping the nine mentioned indicators of violence counts the number of different types of violence respondent has experienced. Higher scores indicate higher exposure to violence. Applicable to women only. 3. Any justification indicator variable takes value one if a respondent justifies any situation leading to domestic violence, and zero otherwise. Applicable to both men and women. 4. Violence justification index counts the instances when the respondent justifies violence. Higher scores indicate higher acceptance of violence. Applicable to both men and women. After data collection
RECRUITMENT CENTRES
Name of recruitment centre Street address City Postal code Country
Sengerema Sengerema Ward Sengerema 33320 Tanzania
Bagamoyo Mapinga Ward Bagamoyo 61323 Tanzania
FUNDING SOURCES
Name of source Street address City Postal code Country
Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark Asiatisk Plads 2 Copenhagen K 1448 Denmark
SPONSORS
Sponsor level Name Street address City Postal code Country Nature of sponsor
Primary Sponsor University of Dar es Salaam Mwalimu Julius Nyerere Mlimani Campus P.O.Box 35091 Dar es Salaam 16103 Tanzania University
Primary Sponsor University of Copenhagen Oester Farimagsgade 5 Copenhagen K 1353 Denmark University
COLLABORATORS
Name Street address City Postal code Country
CONTACT PEOPLE
Role Name Email Phone Street address
Principal Investigator Neda Trifkovic neda.trifkovic@econ.ku.dk +4535333642 Oester Farimagsgade 5
City Postal code Country Position/Affiliation
Copenhagen K 1353 Denmark Assistant Professor Department of Economics University of Copenhagen
Role Name Email Phone Street address
Principal Investigator Pablo Selaya pablo.selaya@econ.ku.dk +4535323040 Oester Farimagsgade 5
City Postal code Country Position/Affiliation
Copenhagen K 1353 Denmark Associate Professor Department of Economics University of Copenhagen
Role Name Email Phone Street address
Principal Investigator Vincent Leyaro vleyaro@yahoo.com +255782285275 Mwalimu Julius Nyerere Mlimani Campus P.O.Box 35091
City Postal code Country Position/Affiliation
Dar es Salaam 16103 Tanzania Senior Lecturer University of Dar es Salaam
Role Name Email Phone Street address
Public Enquiries Neda Trifkovic neda.trifkovic@econ.ku.dk +4535333642 Oester Farimagsgade 5
City Postal code Country Position/Affiliation
Copenhagen K 1353 Denmark Assistant Professor University of Copenhagen
Role Name Email Phone Street address
Scientific Enquiries Neda Trifkovic neda.trifkovic@econ.ku.dk +4535333642 Oester Farimagsgade 5
City Postal code Country Position/Affiliation
Copenhagen K 1353 Denmark Assistant Professor University of Copenhagen
REPORTING
Share IPD Description Additional Document Types Sharing Time Frame Key Access Criteria
Yes The data and the analysis code are available at https://dataverse.harvard.edu/privateurl.xhtml?token=9995b1ec-1489-46aa-abb7-790e9d9dfeed Analytic Code Indefinite Controlled (anyone with the link)
URL Results Available Results Summary Result Posting Date First Journal Publication Date
https://dataverse.harvard.edu/privateurl.xhtml?token=9995b1ec-1489-46aa-abb7-790e9d9dfeed No
Result Upload 1: Result Upload 2: Result Upload 3: Result Upload 4: Result Upload 5:
Result URL Hyperlinks Link To Protocol
Result URL Hyperlinks
Changes to trial information