- All patients scheduled for Cardiothoracic surgery on an elective basis.
- Patients scheduled for cardiac surgery (isolated coronary artery bypass graft [CABG], isolated heart valve surgery [i.e., aortic, mitral, tricuspid, or pulmonic valve replacement or repair], heart surgery for atrial myxoma, aortic surgery, or combined surgery.
- Patients scheduled for thoracic surgery (diaphragmatic hernia repair, diaphragmatic eventration repair decortication, pneumonectomy, lobectomy, segmentectomy, thymectomy, VATs sympathectomy).
- Patients scheduled for chest ultrasound guided intervention.
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- Refuse to participate.
- Can't be assessed by thoracic ultrasonography due to technical issues.
- Patients with subcutaneous emphysema.
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Adult: 19 Year-44 Year,Middle Aged: 45 Year(s)-64 Year(s) |
18 Year(s) |
60 Year(s) |
Both |