60 patients of either sex, ASA I &II, 18-60 years, scheduled to undergoing unilateral thoracic surgery (diaphragmatic hernia repair, lymph node excision, decortication and pneumonectomy) |
Emergency operations, previous thoracotomy, allergy to local anesthetics (LAs), previous unusual response or complications related to anesthesia, pre-existing coagulopathy, sever comorbidity, patients with a history of pleuritis, history of traumatic or spontaneous pneumothorax, haemothorax, or pneumonia or another condition responsible for a potential increase in absorption of local anaesthetic, cardiac failure, known upper airway obstruction or apnoeic attacks and local infection |
|
18 Year(s) |
60 Year(s) |
Both |